ReadyFoot

Wellington

2005-11-18T16:35:00.000-08:00

Town, east-central New South Wales, Australia. It lies at the confluence of the Macquarie and Bell rivers. The site, used by John Oxley as a base for exploration (1817–18), was named by him after the Duke of Wellington. A convict settlement from 1823 to 1831, it was proclaimed a town in 1846, a municipality in 1879, and a shire in 1947. In 1950 Wellington was merged with Macquarie and a portion of Cobar shires. It serves

Dandolo, Enrico

2005-10-16T13:30:00.000-07:00

Dandolo's father, Vitale, had held important public positions; and during Enrico Dandolo's public life he was sent on many important missions for the Venetian government.

China, Attacks on party members

2005-08-08T18:00:00.000-07:00

Gradual transference of the revolution to top echelons of the party was managed by a group centred on Mao Zedong, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, and Chen Boda. In May 1966 Mao secretly assigned major responsibilities to the army in cultural and educational affairs. Another purpose of the Cultural Revolution, as then conceived, would be a “revolution in the

Gnetaceae

2005-07-27T16:10:00.000-07:00

A family of tropical gymnosperms in the order Gnetales, composed of one genus, Gnetum, with 30 or more species. Trees predominate among the African species; most of the Asian varieties are woody vines, but among the exceptions is G. gnemon, a tree about 20 metres (65 feet) tall that yields a useful fibre and an edible, plumlike fruit. The conspicuous, netlike veining of the broad leaves

Bell Island

2005-07-25T21:40:00.000-07:00

Island in southeastern Newfoundland, Canada; it lies in Conception Bay 3 mi (5 km) off the Avalon Peninsula. Bell Island is 6 mi long and 3 mi wide, and has an area of 11 sq mi (28 sq km). Named after a large bell-shaped rock off its west end, it was one of the world's major iron-ore producers from 1895 to 1966. Fishing and subsistence agriculture are now the main economic activities on the densely populated

France, History Of, The Third Republic

2005-07-23T10:10:00.000-07:00

A provisional government of national defense was set up and took as its first task the continuation of the war against the invaders. Composed of the deputies representing Paris and formally headed by General Louis-Jules Trochu, the new government's most forceful member was Léon Gambetta, hero of the radical republicans. Gambetta, a young Parisian lawyer of provincial

Terneplate

2005-07-13T10:25:00.000-07:00

Steel sheet with a coating of terne metal, an alloy of lead and tin applied by dipping the steel in molten metal. The alloy has a dull appearance resulting from the high lead content. The composition of terne metal ranges from 50–50 mixtures of lead and tin to as low as 12 percent tin and 88 percent lead. The tin serves to wet the steel, making possible the union of lead and iron, which

Literature

2005-07-08T07:35:00.000-07:00

By all accounts, 2001 was an eventful year for Persian literature, both in revisiting the achievements of the previous century from fresh perspectives and in providing glimpses into new literary experiments. Two important international conferences examined the literature of the 20th century, one by focusing on M.T. Bahar (1880–1951) and the other by surveying the entire literary

Selby

2005-07-06T00:00:00.000-07:00

The district includes pre-Norman settlements along the right bank of the River Ouse, the main waterway, and the Norman abbey at Selby town. Farther west an old land route, following a limestone

David

2005-06-30T13:50:00.000-07:00

Capital of Chiriquí provincia, western Panama, on the Río David and surrounded by fruit groves. It is Panama's largest city outside of the Panama City metropolitan area and is an important commercial centre, served by the Pacific seaports of Pedregal and Puerto Armuelles on the Gulf of Chiriquí and by Enrique Malek Airport. Industries include meatpacking, food processing

Albania

2005-06-22T20:15:00.000-07:00

Officially Republic of Albania, Albanian Shqipëria, or Republika e Shqipërisë, country located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula on the Strait of Otranto, the southern entrance to the Adriatic Sea. It encompasses an area of 11,100 square miles (28,748 square kilometres), with a maximum length from north to south of about 210 miles (340 kilometres) and a maximum width of about 95 miles. It is bounded to the northwest by Montenegro, to the northeast by the Kosovo region

Latin Alphabet

2005-06-16T05:20:00.000-07:00

Also called Roman alphabet most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and the languages of most of Europe and those areas settled by Europeans. Developed from the Etruscan alphabet at some time before 600 BC, it can be traced through Etruscan, Greek, and Phoenician scripts to the North Semitic alphabet used in Syria and Palestine about 1100 BC. The

Koh-i-noor

2005-06-03T14:10:00.000-07:00

According to some experts, Sultan 'Ala'-ud-Din Khalji is credited

Wagner, Richard

2005-06-01T08:45:00.000-07:00

For the next 15 years Wagner was not to present any further new works. Until 1858 he lived in Zürich, composing, writing treatises, and conducting (he directed the London Philharmonic concerts in 1855). Having already studied the Siegfried legend and the Norse myths as a possible basis for an opera, and having written an operatic “poem,” Siegfrieds Tod (Siegfried's Death), in which he

Constantia

2005-05-17T23:55:00.000-07:00

Residential area, Western Cape province, South Africa, near Cape Town. It is located in Constantia Valley, famous since the 18th century for wines produced on both government and private farms. The Groot Constantia homestead there was built about 1685 by Governor Simon van der Stel and named for his wife, Constance; a fine example of Cape Dutch architecture, it has been restored

Nereid

2005-05-16T05:25:00.000-07:00

In Greek religion, any of the daughters (numbering 50 or 100) of the sea god Nereus (eldest son of Pontus, a personification of the sea) and of Doris, daughter of Oceanus (the god of the water encircling the flat Earth). The Nereids were depicted as young girls, inhabiting any water, salt or fresh, and as benign toward humanity. They were popular figures in Greek literature. The best

Hyatt, Anna Vaughn

2005-05-14T03:15:00.000-07:00

Anna Hyatt was the daughter of noted Harvard paleontologist Alpheus Hyatt. She was educated privately and began her study of sculpture with Henry H. Kitson in Boston. She later attended the Art Students

Ah Kin

2005-03-15T17:39:00.000-08:00

(Mayan: �He of the Sun�), the regular clergy of the Yucatec Maya in pre-Columbian times. The Ah Kin are best known historically for their performance in the ritual sacrifice of victims, whose hearts were offered to the Mayan gods. The chief priest (Ah Kin Mai) served in the various capacities of administrator, teacher, healer, astronomer, adviser to the chief, and diviner. Priests

Mahir, Ahmad

2005-03-14T13:51:00.000-08:00

Mahir was educated at the Khedivial Law school and the University of Montpellier in France. A younger brother of 'Ali Mahir, who had on three previous occasions been premier of Egypt, Ahmad occupied a number of important government positions from the early 1920s. Early in his career, Mahir was

Macdowell, Edward (alexander)

2005-03-11T16:37:00.000-08:00

MacDowell first studied in New York with Teresa Carre�o and then at the Conservatoire (1876 - 78) in Paris. In 1878 he went to Germany to study composition

Terengganu

2005-03-04T10:55:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Trengganu, � traditional region of northeastern West Malaysia (Malaya), bounded by those of Kelantan (north and northwest) and Pahang (south and southwest). It has a 200-mile- (320-kilometre-) long coastline along the South China Sea (east). Terengganu is mentioned in 1365 as a vassal of the Javanese kingdom of Majapahit. The sultanate of Terengganu, ruled by members of the same family since 1701, was under

Seleucid Kingdom

2005-03-03T03:16:00.000-08:00

Seleucus, one of Alexander's leading generals, became satrap (governor) of Babylonia in 321, two years after the death of Alexander. In the

Auersperg, Adolf (karl Daniel), Prince (f�rst) Von, Duke (herzog) Von Gottschee

2005-03-02T21:41:00.000-08:00

After 14 years' active duty as an imperial cavalry officer, Auersperg was elected to the Bohemian Landtag (provincial assembly) as a member of the Constitutional Great Lords Party (1860). In 1867 he was appointed

Lamarr, Hedy

2005-03-01T03:16:00.000-08:00

The daughter of a prosperous Viennese banker, Lamarr was privately tutored from age four; by the time she was

Fragile-x Syndrome

2005-02-28T13:43:00.000-08:00

The X chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (the other being the Y chromosome). Males have one X and one Y chromosome; females have two X chromosomes. The male who receives the fragile-X chromosome will be affected by the syndrome,

Kabylie

2005-02-27T13:10:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Kabylia, � mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria, between Algiers and Skikda. It comprises: (1) the Great Kabylie (Grande Kabylie) or Djurdjura Mountains bounded on the west by the Isser River and on the southeast by the Wadi Soummam; (2) the Little Kabylie (Petite Kabylie, or Kabylie des Babors) around the Gulf of Beja�a (Bougie); and (3) the Collo Kabylie (Kabylie de Collo) forming

Viet Minh

2005-02-26T20:50:00.000-08:00

In late 1943 members of the Viet Minh, led by General Vo Nguyen Giap, began to infiltrate

Onoe Shoroku Ii

2005-02-25T02:44:00.000-08:00

Yutaka Fujima made his debut at the age of five as Ushiwakamaru at the Teikoku Theatre in the kabuki drama Shusse Kagekiyo, about the 12th-century hero Taira no Kagekiyo. After starring in Neiboku

Naval Warfare, War from land to sea and from sea to land

2005-02-24T14:20:00.000-08:00

While navies have always had as their ultimate objective an influence over events on land, aircraft and missiles have extended the range and amplified the influence. Likewise, land-based systems have made their growing influence felt on warships and sea-lanes alike. Putting ground forces ashore from the sea by amphibious landing is an operation that has neither

Thelodus

2005-02-23T17:36:00.000-08:00

Extinct genus of early and primitive jawless vertebrates that is known from impressions on rocks of Silurian age in Europe and North America, although the genus persisted into the Early Devonian epoch (the Silurian period began 438 million years ago and ended 408 million years ago). The structure of Thelodus and its relatives, the coelolepids, is poorly known; but it is probable

Distinguished Service Order

2005-02-22T04:13:00.000-08:00

British military decoration awarded to officers who have performed meritorious or distinguished service in war. The decoration, instituted by Queen Victoria in 1886, entitles recipients to add D.S.O. after their names. Foreign officers associated with British forces can become holders of the award as �honorary members.� The badge of the order is a white and gold cross

Venationes

2005-02-21T19:27:00.000-08:00

Contests between beasts or between men and beasts were staged in an amphitheatre, usually in connection with gladiator shows. The men used in these exhibitions were either captives, condemned criminals, or professional animal hunters. Originating in the 2nd century BC as part

Amphibian, Adaptations

2005-02-20T21:27:00.000-08:00

The amphibian eye has a lid, associated glands and ducts, and muscles that allow accommodation as well as depth perception and true colour vision. These adaptations are regarded as the first evolutionary improvements in vertebrate terrestrial vision. Green rods in the retina, which permit perception of a wide range of wavelengths, are found only in amphibians.

Orangutan

2005-02-19T00:21:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Orangoutan, �also called �Orang� (species Pongo pygmaeus), large manlike ape (family Pongidae) that is now restricted to lowland swamp forests in Borneo and a small part of Sumatra. Orangutans formerly lived in the jungles of mainland Southeast Asia as well, and the principal cause of the extreme shrinkage of their range in the last few thousand years seems to have been hunting by

Hugh Of Cluny, Saint

2005-02-18T23:13:00.000-08:00

Hugh de Semur took monastic vows at

Anatolian Languages, Luwian

2005-02-17T22:56:00.000-08:00

Luwian (or Luvian), the language of Anatolia's southern coast, is known from texts stemming from three major periods: (1) the Hittite New Empire (c. 1400 - c. 1190 BC); (2) the period of the Neo-Hittite states (c. 1190 - c. 700 BC); (3) the period of the Lycian monumental inscriptions (c. 400 - 200 BC). In addition to the various time periods, there is also a variation in writing system - Mesopotamian cuneiform, Anatolian hieroglyphs

Valais

2005-02-16T04:12:00.000-08:00

German �Wallis, � canton, southern Switzerland. It borders Italy to the south and France to the west and is bounded by the cantons of Vaud and Bern on the north and Uri and Ticino on the east. Its area includes the valley of the upper Rh�ne River, from its source at the Rh�ne Glacier to its mouth on Lake Geneva; the valley runs from east to west and then, in a right angle at Martigny, from southeast

Vasily Ii

2005-02-15T09:42:00.000-08:00

Although the 10-year-old Vasily II was named by his father Vasily I (ruled Moscow 1389 - 1425) to succeed him as the grand prince of Moscow and of Vladimir, Vasily's rule was challenged by his uncle Yury and his cousins Vasily the Squint-Eyed and Dmitry Shemyaka. After a long, chaotic, and bitter struggle, during which Vasily not only temporarily

Flores Island

2005-02-14T17:45:00.000-08:00

Portuguese �Ilha Das Flores, � westernmost island of the Portuguese Azores archipelago, in the North Atlantic. It forms, together with the Ilha do Corvo, the Santa Cruz group. The island has an area of 55 sq mi (142 sq km), is volcanic in origin, and rises from sea level to 3,087 ft (941 m) at Morro Grande in its centre. It has numerous crater lakes that offer good fishing and is noted for its lush flora (whence its name). The economy

China, The Nan Mountains

2005-02-13T15:14:00.000-08:00

The Nan Mountains (in Chinese Nan Ling) are composed of many ranges of mountains running from northeast to southwest. These ranges form the watershed between the Yangtze to the north and the Pearl River (Chu Chiang) to the south. The main peaks along the watershed are above 5,000 feet, and some are more than 6,500 feet. But a large part of the land to the south of the Nan Mountains is also

China, The Nan Mountains

2005-02-12T18:14:00.000-08:00

Fruit

2005-02-11T05:26:00.000-08:00

In its strict botanical sense, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Thus, apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and (in their shells) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. Popularly, however, the term is restricted to the ripened ovaries that are sweet and either succulent or pulpy. The

Hawk

2005-02-10T10:13:00.000-08:00

Any of many small to medium-sized diurnal birds of prey, particularly those in the genus Accipiter, known as the true hawks, and including the goshawks and sparrowhawks. The term hawk is often applied to other birds in the family Accipitridae (such as the kites, buzzards, and harriers) and sometimes is extended to include certain members of the family Falconidae (falcons

Hawk

2005-02-09T13:51:00.000-08:00

World congresses of the BWA are held every

Light-year

2005-02-08T09:43:00.000-08:00

In astronomy, the distance traveled by light moving in a vacuum in the course of one year, at its accepted velocity of 299,792,458 metres per second (186,282 miles per second). A light-year equals about 9.46053 � 1012 km (5.878 � 1012 miles), or 63,240 astronomical units. About 3.262 light-years equal one parsec (q.v.).

Theatrical Production

2005-02-07T09:50:00.000-08:00

While dramatic productions

Bowling

2005-02-06T17:31:00.000-08:00

The crown jewel among all international tenpin bowling tournaments of 1994 was the third world youth championships, held in Monterrey, Mexico, August 6-13. A record 29 countries sent their best young bowlers to Mexico to compete for world titles in boys' and girls' divisions. Stars of the tournament were Jaana Puhakka and Pasi P�ll�nen of Finland, each of whom won two individual

Strange Particle

2005-02-05T21:50:00.000-08:00

Subatomic particle, either a meson or baryon, that contains a strange quark (q.v.).

Rime

2005-02-04T09:19:00.000-08:00

White, opaque, granular deposit of ice crystals formed on objects that are at a temperature below the freezing point. Rime occurs when supercooled water droplets (at a temperature lower than 0� C [32� F]) in fog come in contact with a surface that is also at a temperature below freezing; the droplets are so small that they freeze almost immediately upon contact with the object.

Hammami, Sa'id

2005-02-03T21:40:00.000-08:00

Hammami was born in Jaffa, but his family fled when fighting erupted following Israel's declaration of independence

Insurance, Government regulation

2005-02-02T00:05:00.000-08:00

The insurance business is subject to extensive government regulation in all countries. In European countries insurance regulation is a mixture of central and local controls. In Germany central authority over insurance regulation is provided by the Federal Insurance Supervisory Authority (BAV), which exercises tight control of premiums, reserves, and investments

Taranis

2005-02-01T06:43:00.000-08:00

(Celtic: �Thunderer�), powerful Celtic deity that was one of three mentioned by the Roman poet Lucan in the 1st century AD; the other two were Esus (�Lord�) and Teutates (�God of the People�). According to later commentators, Taranis' sacrificial victims, either human or animal, were placed in great wickerwork images, which were then burned. Taranis was symbolically represented by

Caucasian Languages, Grammatical characteristics

2005-01-31T00:11:00.000-08:00

The Kartvelian languages exhibit a developed system of word inflection (e.g., the use of endings, such as English �dish, dishes� or �walk, walks, walked�) and derivation (word formation). Derivation is characterized by compounding, the combination of words to form new words, as well as by affixation, the addition of prefixes and suffixes - e.g., Georgian kartvel-i �Georgian,� sa-kartvel-o

Pei-p'iao

2005-01-30T01:14:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Beipiao, � mining town, western Liaoning Province, China. Located northwest of the Ta-ling Stream and east of the Ta-ch'ing Mountains, it is the site of a coal combine. The vertical shafts, which extend nearly 3,280 feet (1,000 m), are among the deepest mines in China. They produce coking coal from a southwestern extension of the Fu-hsin basin. Pop. (mid-1970s est.) 100,000 - 300,000.

Orangeburg

2005-01-29T09:47:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Orangeburg county, central South Carolina, U.S. It is situated on the North Fork Edisto River. In 1735 Germans, Swiss, and Dutch established a settlement, naming it for William IV, prince of Orange. The Donald Bruce House (c. 1735), on nearby Middlepen Plantation, served as the headquarters for Governor John Rutledge, General William Moultrie, and Lord Rawdon during the

Independence

2005-01-28T20:32:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1870) of Montgomery county, southeastern Kansas, U.S. Independence lies on the Verdigris River, near Elk City Lake (dammed for flood control and irrigation). It was founded in 1869 by a company that purchased a portion of an Osage Indian reservation. The town had temporary economic booms with the discoveries of natural gas in 1881 and oil fields in 1903. Independence is now a trade

Badminton

2005-01-27T01:58:00.000-08:00

Many badminton experts were surprised when 20-year-old Peter Gade Christensen of Denmark finished 1997 on top of the men's singles world rankings. At the Japan Open in January 1998, however, Gade Christensen easily defeated Luo Yigang of China to win the sport's first major event of the year and proved his number-one status was no accident. Gong Zhichao of China rose to the top of

Henequen

2005-01-26T19:18:00.000-08:00

(Agave fourcroydes), plant of the family agave (Agavaceae) and its fibre, third in importance among the leaf fibre (q.v.) group. Varieties of A. fourcroydes include ixtli, longifolia, minima, and rigida. The henequen plant is native to Mexico, where it has been a source of textile fibre since pre-Columbian times. It was introduced to Cuba in the 19th century, becoming the country's

Henequen

2005-01-25T09:03:00.000-08:00

Endoderm

2005-01-24T06:48:00.000-08:00

The innermost of the three germ layers, or masses of cells (lying within ectoderm and mesoderm), which appears early in the development of an animal embryo. The endoderm subsequently gives rise to the epithelium (tissue that covers, or lines, a structure) of the pharynx, including the eustachian tube, the tonsils, the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and thymus gland;

Hinterland

2005-01-23T18:50:00.000-08:00

George G. Chisholm (Handbook of Commercial Geography, 1888) transcribed the German word hinterland (land in back of), as hinderland, and used it to refer to the backcountry of a port or coastal settlement. Chisholm continued to use hinderland in subsequent editions

French Literature, Allegory

2005-01-22T14:09:00.000-08:00

Allegory, popular from early times, was employed in Latin literature by such authorities as Augustine, Prudentius, Martianus Capella, and, in the late 12th century, Alain de Lille. It was used widely in religious and moralizing works, as in the long P�lerinage de la vie humaine (�Pilgrimage of Human Life�) by Guillaume de Deguileville, Dante's contemporary and a precursor

Adams, Louisa

2005-01-21T01:48:00.000-08:00

Following her husband's death in 1848, Louisa continued to live in Washington, where she died in 1852. In an unprecedented mark of respect for a former first lady, Congress adjourned for her funeral so that members could pay their respects. She was buried beside her husband and his parents at the First Church in Quincy, Massachusetts.

Gabon

2005-01-20T16:34:00.000-08:00

A great deal of the cultural life of Gabon continues to be derived from or influenced by France. Gabon's contemporary writers express themselves almost exclusively in French. At the same time, there has been continued interest in the precolonial history and traditions of Gabon's peoples. Examples are the research on the Fang epic (mvet) and the art of the Mpongwe, Fang,

Rabelais, Fran�ois

2005-01-19T23:25:00.000-08:00

Details of Rabelais's life are sparse and difficult to interpret. He was the son of Antoine Rabelais, a rich Touraine landowner and a prominent lawyer who deputized for the lieutenant-g�n�ral of Poitou in 1527. After apparently studying law, Rabelais became a Franciscan novice at La Baumette (1510?) and later moved to the Puy-Saint-Martin convent at Fontenay-le-Comte in Poitou.

Theatre

2005-01-18T05:35:00.000-08:00

Though the word theatre is derived from the Greek theaomai, �to see,� the performance itself may appeal either to the ear or to the eye, as is suggested by the interchangeability of the terms spectator

Hui-y�

2005-01-17T09:24:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Huiyuan � celebrated early Chinese Buddhist priest who formed a devotional society of monks and lay worshipers of the Buddha Amitabha. The society inspired the establishment in later centuries (6th - 7th) of the Ch'ing-t'u (�Pure Land�) cult, which is today the most popular form of Buddhism in East Asia. On his advice, the ruler of the Eastern Chin dynasty

Calderdale

2005-01-16T19:21:00.000-08:00

Westernmost metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England. The metropolitan borough is part of the historic county of Yorkshire, except for a small area west of Todmorden that belongs to the historic county of Lancashire. The bleak gritstone Pennine moorlands, with scattered sheep farms and reservoirs, rise to an elevation of 1,500 feet (457 metres)

Franciabigio

2005-01-15T10:54:00.000-08:00

Also called �Francesco Di Cristofano, Francesco Giudini, or Giudici � Italian Renaissance painter, best known for his portraits and religious paintings, whose style included early Renaissance, High Renaissance, and Proto-Mannerist elements. His early style is filled with movement and attention to descriptive detail, strongly reminiscent of 15th-century Italian painting. Later, he was attracted to the Florentine

Handl, Jacob

2005-01-14T05:51:00.000-08:00

A Cistercian monk, Handl traveled in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, was a member of the Viennese court chapel in 1574, and was choirmaster to the bishop of Olm�tz (modern Olomouc, Czech Republic) in 1579 - 85. His most notable

Performing Arts, Jazz

2005-01-13T21:48:00.000-08:00

The music of Duke Ellington, one of the greatest jazz composers, dominated the jazz scene in 1999. The centennial of his birth was celebrated worldwide at festivals, concerts, and nightclubs and prompted a proliferation of recorded tributes by singers and instrumentalists. On April 29, Ellington's birthday, the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra, led by Wynton Marsalis, played

Hood River

2005-01-12T18:11:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1908) of Hood River county, northern Oregon, U.S., on the Columbia River, there bridged to White Salmon, Washington, 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Portland. It lies at the mouth of the Hood River, which was named for British Admiral Lord Hood. Settled in 1854, and platted in 1881, the city began to develop after the railroad arrived in the 1880s. Vast acreages of land were planted in orchards in

Mckenzie, Sir John

2005-01-11T10:56:00.000-08:00

McKenzie's deep antagonism toward land monopolists was rooted in his boyhood in Scotland, where he witnessed the dispossession of small farmers by Highland landlords. After

John Ii

2005-01-10T09:45:00.000-08:00

John was a younger son of Ferdinand of Antequera, elected king of Aragon (as Ferdinand I) in 1412. John and his brothers retained their positions and revenues in Castile,

The Anti-suffragist

2005-01-09T16:22:00.000-08:00

In July 1908 the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage published the first issue of The Anti-Suffragist. The quarterly magazine echoed the views of the antisuffragism movement, which began in Massachusetts

Ear Disease, Ototoxic drugs

2005-01-08T04:36:00.000-08:00

Ototoxic (harmful to the ear) drugs can cause temporary and sometimes permanent impairment of auditory nerve function. Salicylates such as aspirin in large enough doses may cause ringing in the ears and then a temporary decrease in hearing that ceases when the person stops taking the drug. Quinine can have a similar effect but with a permanent impairment of auditory

Anhava, Tuomas

2005-01-07T17:39:00.000-08:00

Anhava was a perfectionist in his poetry, with a fanatical concern for le mot propre and a great theoretical interest in the aesthetics of modern poetry. His Runoja (1953; �Poems�) has as its central theme alienation and a search for a transcendence of everyday reality.

Bottle

2005-01-06T05:34:00.000-08:00

Although early bottles were made from such materials as gourds and animal skins, glass eventually became the major material employed.

Frigidity

2005-01-05T05:02:00.000-08:00

In psychology, the inability of a woman to attain orgasm during sexual intercourse. In popular, nonmedical usage the word has been used traditionally to describe a variety of behaviours, ranging from general coldness of manner or lack of interest in physical affection to aversion to the act of sexual intercourse. Because of the derogatory connotations that have

F Region

2005-01-04T05:38:00.000-08:00

Highest region of the ionosphere, at altitudes greater than 160 km (100 miles); it has the greatest concentration of free electrons and is the most important of the ionospheric regions. The charged particles in the F region consist primarily of neutral atoms split into electrons and charged atoms. Although its degree of ionization persists with little change through the

Mitchell, Wesley C.

2005-01-03T15:44:00.000-08:00

Mitchell was educated at the University of Chicago, where he came under the influence of Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey. He taught at numerous universities, including the University of Chicago (1900 - 02), the University of California (1902 - 12), Columbia University

Amphipod

2005-01-02T13:05:00.000-08:00

Any member of the invertebrate order Amphipoda (class Crustacea) inhabiting all parts of the sea, lakes, rivers, sand beaches, caves, and moist (warm) habitats on many tropical islands. Marine amphipods have been found at depths of more than 9,100 m (30,000 feet). Freshwater and marine beach species are commonly known as scuds; those that occupy sand beaches are called

Kahn, Gustave

2005-01-01T14:12:00.000-08:00

After study in Paris, Kahn spent four years in North Africa, returning to Paris in 1885. He helped found or edit several literary reviews, including La Vogue, Le Symboliste, and La Revue Ind�pendante, which printed his poems and discussed the various theories

Kahn, Gustave

2004-12-31T13:49:00.000-08:00

Spofford, Harriet Elizabeth Prescott

2004-12-30T22:20:00.000-08:00

Harriet Prescott moved from her native Maine to Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1849 and attended the Pinkerton Academy in Derry, New Hampshire, in 1853 - 55. In part to aid the family's precarious

Spofford, Harriet Elizabeth Prescott

2004-12-29T20:34:00.000-08:00

American organization, founded in November 1874 in Cleveland, Ohio, in response to the �Woman's Crusade,� a series of temperance demonstrations that swept through New York and much of the Midwest in 1873 - 74. Annie Wittenmyer, an experienced wartime fund-raiser and administrator, was elected president at the WCTU's founding in 1874. During her five-year tenure the WCTU developed a network

Spofford, Harriet Elizabeth Prescott

2004-12-28T06:46:00.000-08:00

Vaida-voevod, Alexandru

2004-12-27T09:10:00.000-08:00

A native of Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, Vaida-Voevod joined a small Romanian nationalist group in the Hungarian Parliament after

Yemen

2004-12-26T21:06:00.000-08:00

Most of Yemen's northern frontier with Saudi Arabia traverses the great desert of the peninsula, the Rub' al-Khali (Empty Quarter), and remains undemarcated, as does the eastern frontier with Oman. In the west and the south, Yemen is bounded by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, respectively. Its territory

Zacconi, Lodovico

2004-12-25T23:49:00.000-08:00

Zacconi became a priest, later an Augustinian, and studied music with Andrea Gabrieli in Venice, where he was musical director for his order. He went to Vienna in 1585 at the invitation of the archduke Charles. In 1592 he published

Hyderabad

2004-12-24T07:09:00.000-08:00

The city, administrative headquarters of the district, lies on the most northerly hill of the Ganjo Takkar ridge, just east of the Indus River. The third largest city in Pakistan, it is a communications centre, connected by rail with Peshawar and Karachi and with Indian railways via the border towns of Khokhropar and

Gadolinium

2004-12-23T07:15:00.000-08:00

(Gd), chemical element, rareearth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table. Silvery white and moderately ductile, the metal reacts slowly with oxygen and water. Below 17� C it is ferromagnetic and at very low temperatures, superconducting. Credit for the discovery of gadolinium is shared by J.-C.-G. de Marignac and P.-�. Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Marignac separated (1880) a new

Naiad

2004-12-22T07:12:00.000-08:00

(from Greek naiein, �to flow�), in Greek mythology, one of the nymphs of flowing water - springs, rivers, fountains, lakes. The Naiads, appropriately in their relation to freshwater, were represented as beautiful, lighthearted, and beneficent. Like the other classes of nymphs, they were extremely long-lived, although not immortal.

Gandhi, Rajiv

2004-12-21T07:05:00.000-08:00

Rajiv and his younger brother Sanjay (1946 - 80), the sons of Feroze and Indira Gandhi, were educated at the prestigious Doon School in Dehradun. Rajiv then

Ear Shell

2004-12-20T06:15:00.000-08:00

Any of various marine snails of the subclass Prosobranchia (class Gastropoda) that constitute the genus Haliotis and family Haliotidae. The characteristic planispiral shell has a broad, oblique aperture, which gives it an earlike shape. A series of perforations through the shell follow the spiral form. The inside of the shell is always nacreous, often in iridescent

Callahan, Harry Morey

2004-12-19T11:03:00.000-08:00

American photographer (b. Oct. 22, 1912, Detroit, Mich. - d. March 15, 1999, Atlanta, Ga.), experimented with the use of light, line, and space to produce images that portray ordinary scenes and objects in innovative, abstract ways. He felt that photographs had to have more significance than was apparent at first look; he focused on such favourite themes as his wife and daughter, landscapes, and

Maxwell's Equations

2004-12-18T10:16:00.000-08:00

The statements of these four equations are, respectively: (1) electric field

Ai Qing

2004-12-17T20:11:00.000-08:00

The son of a well-to-do landowner, Ai Qing was encouraged to learn Western languages. He studied painting in Paris

Puente-genil

2004-12-16T03:28:00.000-08:00

Town, Cordova province, in the comunidad aut�noma (�autonomous community�) of Andalusia, southern Spain, located south of Cordova city, on the Cordova - M�laga railway. An agricultural centre, Puente-Genil produces olive oil, quince and other fruit jellies, linen, and insecticides. It takes its name from the bridge (puente) over the Genil River connecting the two sections

Le Maistre, Antoine

2004-12-15T13:08:00.000-08:00

Important figure in the Jansenist religious movement in France, a member of the Arnauld family (q.v.).